What is Artificial Intelligence? How do machines learn? This lecture answers these questions with a short journey through the evolution of the human brain, memory, neural networks, and the latest scientific and technological creations of the human mind: brain-inspired electronic machines and artificial intelligence. It compares human and artificial intelligence, and shows how machine learning is based on mathematical models inspired by biology, and why human intelligence is unique. It explains why understanding math is important for understanding the future, and that abstract and critical thinking, as distinctive elements of human intelligence, will always be essential for success in study, work, and life.